JUST 2 HOURS FROM XIAMEN, DISCOVER THE INCREDIBLE ROUND EARTHEN HOMES OF FUJIAN
🏡 WOULD YOU LIVE IN A GIANT ROUND BUILDING WITH YOUR WHOLE COMMUNITY?
Imagine walking through a traditional Chinese village and suddenly finding yourself in front of a huge circular building that looks more like a fortress than a home. Its thick earthen walls rise several stories high, small windows dot the exterior, and a single main entrance leads into a shared courtyard where everyday life has continued for generations.
This is a Fujian tulou, one of the most fascinating examples of traditional architecture in southeastern China. These unusual buildings are not simply historic landmarks or beautiful photo spots. Many were designed as entire communities under one roof, with families living, cooking, working, celebrating and growing old together within the same enclosed space.
Even more interesting? Some tulou are still inhabited today. That means a visit is not only about looking at an old building. It can also offer a glimpse into a living tradition that has survived enormous changes in the world outside its walls.
If you are planning a trip to Xiamen and want to experience a different side of Fujian beyond the coastline and city streets, these remarkable earth buildings deserve a place on your travel wishlist.
1. WHAT EXACTLY IS A FUJIAN TULOU?
The word “tulou” literally means “earthen building.” These structures are traditionally associated with the Hakka people and other local communities in Fujian Province. They were built mainly using compacted earth, mixed with materials such as stone, bamboo, wood and other natural resources available in the region.
At first glance, the architecture can seem almost impossible to believe. Some buildings are circular, while others are square, rectangular or take on more complex shapes. Their thick outer walls create a strong, enclosed structure, while the inside is organized around a central courtyard.
Think of a tulou as a combination of a residential building, a village and a protective fortress. Instead of spreading houses across a wide area, residents could live close together within one substantial structure.
The design was practical as well as distinctive. Thick walls helped moderate indoor temperatures, the central courtyard provided a shared open space, and the limited number of entrances made the buildings easier to secure. Upper floors often contained smaller windows, while lower levels were arranged for daily household needs.
But the real magic is how the architecture brings people together. A tulou was not designed around the idea of everyone living separately. Its layout reflected a community-oriented way of life, where family relationships and shared responsibilities played an important role.
2. WHY ARE THESE BUILDINGS ROUND?
This is probably the first question that comes to mind when you see photographs of Fujian tulou.
Why build an enormous circle instead of an ordinary rectangular house?
The answer is a combination of tradition, practicality and community living. A circular layout makes efficient use of the space around a central courtyard and allows many households to face inward toward a common area. It also creates a distinctive continuous outer wall that was useful for protection.
From outside, the building can look almost closed off from the world. Inside, however, the atmosphere can feel completely different. The courtyard opens the structure to the sky, and the surrounding wooden galleries, doors and balconies create layers of activity around the central space.
Imagine looking upward from the courtyard and seeing several levels of wooden corridors stacked around you. Every doorway belongs to a household, but all of them share the same architectural heart.
It is an impressive reminder that traditional architecture was often shaped by the way people lived together, not simply by what looked attractive.
The circular form also makes these buildings especially photogenic. From a high viewpoint, the structure resembles a giant ring set among green hills and fields. From inside, the repeated windows and wooden balconies create beautiful geometric patterns.
However, not every tulou is round. Square and rectangular examples are also important parts of the tradition, so do not assume that every building you encounter will look exactly like the famous circular structures in travel photos.
3. A VILLAGE INSIDE ONE BUILDING
One of the most surprising things about tulou is their scale.
Some structures contain multiple floors and numerous rooms arranged around the courtyard. Historically, several related households could occupy different sections of the same building. In some larger tulou, the number of residents could reach into the hundreds, depending on the building and period.
Instead of having a separate front yard, garden and street for every household, residents shared common areas. The courtyard could be used for socializing, ceremonies, practical household activities and gatherings. Wooden walkways connected the upper floors, while the ground level contained spaces used for daily life.
Picture a typical morning. Someone opens a wooden door, footsteps echo along a corridor, a family prepares breakfast, and neighbors pass through the courtyard. Children move between households while older relatives sit nearby and talk.
That is the image that makes tulou so interesting. The architecture may appear monumental from outside, but the purpose of the space was deeply ordinary: giving people somewhere to live, work and belong.
Of course, life in a tulou today varies from building to building. Some remain residential, while others have become heritage sites or tourist attractions. Certain areas may be open to visitors, but private rooms and family spaces are not automatically public.
If you visit an inhabited tulou, remember that you are entering a place connected to real people, not a movie set created exclusively for tourists.
4. THE MOVIE CONNECTION: BIG FISH & BEGONIA 🎬
If the circular village in the animated film Big Fish & Begonia (大鱼海棠) looks familiar, Fujian tulou may be part of the reason.
The film features a striking traditional Chinese village with large round buildings and a strong sense of community. The visual connection has helped introduce more viewers to the distinctive appearance of tulou and encouraged travelers to discover the real architecture behind similar imagery.
There is something almost cinematic about these buildings even without special effects. The massive outer walls, layered wooden balconies, central courtyard and surrounding mountains already look like a carefully designed fantasy world.
The difference is that the real buildings have their own stories, shaped by generations of residents rather than a fictional plot.
If you are a fan of Chinese animation, traditional architecture or films inspired by local culture, a tulou visit can add another dimension to the experience. You may start by recognizing the shape from a movie, then leave with a better understanding of the people and traditions connected to it.
Just keep one thing in mind: it is better to describe tulou as an architectural and cultural inspiration or visual association than to assume every scene in the film directly represents one specific real building.
For photos, the most recognizable angle is usually the circular exterior from an elevated viewpoint. For a more immersive impression, the central courtyard shows why the architecture feels so different from an ordinary house.
5. WHY ARE FUJIAN TULOU A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE?
The Fujian Tulou were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008. Their importance goes beyond their unusual shape.
They represent a distinctive form of communal architecture that developed in response to local geography, social organization and the needs of the communities that built them. Their design combines residential functions with protective features, creating large buildings that could support extended family life.
The structures also demonstrate how traditional builders used locally available materials and adapted architecture to the environment. Compacted earth, timber and other materials were assembled into durable buildings that could accommodate many residents.
What makes the heritage especially meaningful is the relationship between the structures and the communities that used them. A tulou is not merely an impressive object to photograph. It is evidence of a way of organizing domestic and social life.
That is also why responsible tourism matters. These buildings are valuable because of both their architecture and their continuing cultural significance. Visiting respectfully helps ensure that travelers appreciate more than just the appearance of the walls.
When planning a visit, look beyond the most famous photo angle. Notice the construction materials, the relationship between the courtyard and the rooms, the surrounding landscape, and the way the building fits into the wider village.
Sometimes the most interesting travel experiences happen when you stop treating a place as a backdrop and start asking how it actually works.
6. WHERE CAN YOU SEE FUJIAN TULOU?
Fujian Province has several tulou clusters, particularly in the mountainous areas of Yongding District in Longyan and Nanjing County in Zhangzhou.
These areas are often included in discussions of Fujian tulou because they contain groups of historic earth buildings set among rural settlements, hills, streams and farmland. The journey itself can be part of the experience, especially if you enjoy seeing landscapes beyond China’s major cities.
Here are several names worth researching when planning your route:
Chengqi Lou: Often described as one of the most famous large circular tulou, Chengqi Lou is associated with the Gaobei Tulou Cluster in Yongding. Its impressive scale and concentric circular layout make it a recognizable example of the architecture.
Zhencheng Lou: Located in the Hongkeng Tulou Cluster in Yongding, Zhencheng Lou is known for its elaborate layout and distinctive architectural details. It is a useful stop for travelers who want to compare different designs rather than see only one building.
Tianluokeng Tulou Cluster: Located in Nanjing County, this group is particularly famous for its arrangement of several tulou across a hillside landscape. The overall composition is one of the most recognizable tulou views in Fujian.
Yuchang Lou: Also in Nanjing County, Yuchang Lou is known for its unusual wooden structural details, including visibly leaning columns in parts of the building. It offers a different perspective on how traditional structures can develop distinctive characteristics over time.
Hegui Lou: Another notable tulou in Nanjing County, Hegui Lou stands in a landscape that differs from the dramatic hillside views often associated with the region. It can be an interesting addition for travelers exploring several buildings in the same area.
These names are starting points rather than a checklist you must complete. The clusters are spread across different locations, and trying to squeeze every famous building into a short visit can turn a cultural trip into a tiring transport marathon.
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